How are Crystals Formed: All About Natural Crystal Formations and Growth

Crystals are fascinating natural wonders that have captured human attention for centuries. While we’ve all seen or heard of crystals, not everyone is aware of the process that goes into their formation. 

If you also wondered how crystals are formed and what determines their unique structures, keep on reading. In this article, we will explore the science behind natural crystal formation and growth and the factors that influence these processes.

Where do Crystals Come from: The Scientific Study of Crystals

Crystals are an essential component of the natural environment, and their structure and properties have been studied for centuries. Crystals come in many shapes and sizes, from gemstones to quartz points. They form when molecules arrange themselves into a lattice-like structure, which is then repeated over and over again to form a solid crystal structure. Crystallography is the scientific study of crystals, exploring how they’re formed and what makes them unique.

When studying crystals, scientists look at how they reflect light, their hardness, cleavage (how easily a mineral splits along certain planes), luster (the way it reflects light), as well as other characteristics like color and specific gravity (a measure of its density).

Through crystallography, scientists uncover amazing facts about the beauty and complexity of nature’s crystalline creations. They explore what makes each unique and discover how they interact with their environment. With every discovery, we learn more about our planet’s diverse geological history and gain a deeper appreciation for the beauty of nature.

Also see: Stones, Crystals, Rocks, and Minerals: What is the Difference

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How Do Crystals Form and Grow?

Some crystals form deep underground, while others form on the surface of the Earth. The growth of a crystal is influenced by various factors, including temperature and pressure, which greatly affect the conditions in which it thrives.

Underground Creation of Crystals

Many crystals form deep underground in the Earth’s crust. These crystals are formed through a process called crystallization, which occurs when a liquid or gas cools and solidifies into a crystal structure. Over time, these crystals can grow to become very large. 

A multitude of crystals form deep underground in the Earth’s crust. Some examples include:

• Agate
• Amethyst
• Calcite
• Diamond
• Fluorite
• Garnet
• Pyrite
• Selenite
• Tourmaline

Crystals that Contain Different Minerals

Crystals are a fascinating aspect of geology and mineralogy, and they can contain various minerals within them. These minerals can create unique and beautiful patterns within the crystal, which makes them even more visually stunning. Some crystals may contain a range of minerals, while others may only have one or two. A crystal’s combinations and amounts of minerals can determine its shape, color, and transparency. Additionally, these minerals can give crystal-specific healing properties and energy.

Here are a few examples: 

• Aragonite
• Beryl
• Biotite
• Cassiterite
• Chalcopyrite
• Diopside
• Fluorite
• Galena
• Magnetite
• Malachite
• Molybdenite
• Quartz
• Zircon

Gemstone Inclusions

Some crystals can contain inclusions, which are other minerals or materials trapped inside the crystal structure, and these inclusions can give the crystal a unique appearance and value. For example, a diamond with inclusions of other minerals is known as a “fancy” diamond and can be worth more than a clear diamond.

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Phantoms

Phantoms are a type of crystal growth pattern where a crystal forms around a previously existing crystal. As the crystal grows, it leaves behind a “ghost” of the original crystal, known as a phantom. These phantoms can give a crystal a unique appearance and are highly prized by collectors.

Geological Processes and Gem Formation

Many of the most well-known and valuable crystals are formed through geological processes deep within the earth. Diamonds, for example, are formed under extreme pressure and heat deep within the mantle. Other crystals, such as Emeralds and Rubies, are formed in veins within the earth’s crust. The specific geological conditions under which crystals form can significantly impact their properties and value.

Crystals can also grow within cavities and fractures of rocks, geodes, and mineral veins, contributing to the diversity and beauty of natural mineral specimens.

Crystal Growth in Biological Systems

Biomineralization is the process by which living organisms produce minerals and incorporate them into biological structures. Crystals formed through biomineralization play vital roles in various organisms’ structural support, protection, and functionality. Examples include:

• Shells: Mollusks such as clams, oysters, and snails produce intricate shells of calcium carbonate crystals. These crystals provide protection and strength to the organism.
  
• Coral Reefs: Coral polyps secrete calcium carbonate crystals, forming the framework of coral reefs. The growth of these crystals contributes to the formation of diverse and vibrant ecosystems.

Top 10 Most Common Crystals in Nature 

• Quartz is unique for its wide range of varieties and its ability to store and amplify energy, making it a versatile and powerful crystal. 
  
• Amethyst has a stunning purple color and is highly valued for its calming and protective properties, making it a popular choice for spiritual and emotional healing.
  
• Diamond is famous for its exceptional hardness, brilliance, and rarity, making it one of the world’s most sought-after and precious gemstones.
  
• Emerald has a vivid green color and is highly prized for its association with love and fertility, symbolizing rebirth and renewal.
  
• Ruby is known for its deep red color and is highly valued for its association with passion and vitality, making it a symbol of love, courage, and power.
  
• Sapphire is unique for its rich blue color and remarkable hardness, making it a popular gemstone associated with wisdom, loyalty, and nobility.
  
• Topaz has various colors, including yellow, blue, and pink, and is prized for its brilliance and clarity, making it a versatile and attractive gemstone.
  
• Citrine can be found in sunny yellow to golden-brown color. It is highly regarded for its association with abundance and positive energy, making it a stone of manifestation and prosperity.

• Jade is unique for its toughness and beautiful green color, and it has been highly esteemed in many cultures for its association with luck, protection, and spiritual harmony.
  
• Opal has an iridescent play of colors, including a wide range of vibrant hues, making it a captivating and mystical gemstone associated with creativity, inspiration, and emotional healing.

Learn more about other Crystals and their Meanings in our guide.

FAQs on Crystal Formation and Growth